Younger Abstention

A parent sought an order compelling a federal court to modify and enforce the custody decision of a state court.

Holding

Objection of the Child | Manner of Hearing | Wishes vs. Objections | Immigration Status and Settlement

Grave Risk | Ameliorative Measures | Discretion to Return

Domestic Violence | Grave Risk | Child Not a Target of Abuse | No Expert Witness Required to Testify to Psychological Dangers to the Child

This case addressed the question whether domestic violence against a parent poses grave risk to a child.