The Bakelite case involved a petition to bar the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals from hearing an appeal from a decision of the Tariff Commission because the matter was not a case or controversy within the meaning of Article III of the U.S. Constitution, and was therefore non-judicial.  The Supreme Court held that the Court of Customs and Patent Appeals, along with other specialized courts such as the Court of Claims, was a legislative court established under Article I, and was therefore not limited in its jurisdiction by the parameters of Article III. Therefore, Congress could constitutionally delegate the review of tariff decisions – a legislative function – to the court. In 1958, Congress declared the court to have been established under Article III, thereby giving its judges tenure during good behavior and protection against having their salaries diminished.

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Cases that Shaped the Federal Courts: Glidden Co. v. Zdanok (1962)