This article discusses the way in which federal Article III appellate courts have evolved through legislation from the old circuit courts created by the Judiciary Act of 1789, to the circuit courts of appeals created by the Evarts Act of 1891, and ultimately to the modern courts of appeals, as th

Takings. Experts discuss the potential demise of the Penn Central four-part test and the difficulty in determining compensation for temporary and episodic access requirements.

This package of materials was transmitted to the Judicial Conference, and it includes proposed amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure to become effective on December 1, 2022.

This report evaluates the use of certified questions of state law between 2010 and 2018 in three U.S. circuit courts of appeal: the Ninth, Sixth, and Third Circuits. The data shows variation in the rate of certification and timing of certification events between the circuits.