Congress created the Emergency Court of Appeals as part of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, designed to stabilize prices and prohibit profiteering during World War II. The court was to be staffed by three or more district or circuit judges selected by the Chief Justice of the United States to hear challenges to regulations promulgated by the Office of Price Administration pursuant to the act. The act gave the court exclusive jurisdiction over such cases and prohibited other courts from hearing these challenges.  The Supreme Court of the United States could then hear appeals from the court. The court heard its final case in 1961 and was terminated in 1962.  

See also:

Emergency Court of Appeals: Judges