In 1890, Congress established the Board of General Appraisers to decide controversies related to appraisals of imported goods and classification of tariffs. Appraisers were appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, but could be removed by the president for cause. In 1926, the Board was renamed the U.S. Customs Court and its members reclassified as justices (until 1930, when they became known as judges). In 1956, Congress declared the Customs Court to be a court established under Article III of the U.S. Constitution. In 1980, the court was reorganized as the U.S. Court of International Trade.

See also:

Board of General Appraisers: Members

U.S. Customs Court: Justices and Judges